Vishnu Sahasranama or Vishnu Sahasranamam[1](Sanskrit: विष्णुसहस्रनामम्, IAST: Viṣṇusahasranāmam),[a] is a list of 1,000 names (sahasranama) of Vishnu, the main deities in Hinduism and the supreme God in Vaishnavism. It is also one of the most sacred and popular stotras in Hinduism. The Vishnu Sahasranama as found in the Anushasana Parva[2] of the Mahabharata is the most popular version of the 1,000 names of Vishnu. Other versions exists in the Padma Purana, Skanda Purana and Garuda Purana. There is also a Sikh version of the Vishnu Sahasranama, found in the text Sundar Gutka.[3] Each name eulogizes one of His countless great attributes.
(Redirected from Vishnu sahasranama)
The Vishnu Sahasranama has been the subject of numerous commentaries. Adi Shankara wrote a definitive commentary on the sahasranāma in the 8th century which has been particularly influential for many schools of Hinduism even today. Parasara Bhattar, a follower of Ramanuja, wrote a commentary in the 12th century, detailing the names of Vishnu from a Vishishtadvaita perspective, in the book titled Bhagavath Guna Dharpanam (or Bhagavad Guna Dharpana, meaning reflections of the Lord's qualities)[4][5]. Madhvacharya asserted that each name in the sahasranama has a minimum of 100 meanings.
Baby Names from Vishnu Sahasranamam with meaning. Baby boy names on Vishnu Sahasranama stotram in alphabetical order. Vishnu Sahasranama stotram baby names. List of Baby Boy Names from Vishnusahasranama Stotram, List of Baby Girl Names from Vishnusahasranama Stotram. Sri Vishnu Sahasranama Stotram (Trimatacharya Bhashyam) Intoduction with Telugu Meaning. Vishnu sahasranamam - the thousand names of Vishnu is a list of 1,000 names of Lord Vishnu. It is the most sacred and commonly chanted stotras in Hinduism. The Vishnu sahasranamam is found in Mahabharata. According to the 149th chapter.
Background[edit]
According to the 135[6] th chapter of Anushāsanaparva (verses 14 to 120) in the epic Mahabharata, the names were handed down to Yudhishthira by the famous warriorBhishma who was on his death bed (of arrows) in the battlefield of Kurukshetra. Yudhishthira asks Bhishma the following questions:[7][8]
kimekam daivatam loke kim vāpyekam parāyaṇam
stuvantaḥ kam kamarcantaḥ prāpnuyurmānavāḥ śubham ko dharmaḥ sarva dharmāṇām bhavataḥ paramo mataḥ kim japan mucyate jantuḥ janmasamsārabandhanāt
In this universe Who is the one (ekam) refuge (parāyaṇam) for all? Who (kim) is the greatest (ekam) Lord (daivatam) in the world (loke)? By eulogising (sthuvantaḥ) whom (kam) can a person (mānavāḥ) reach auspiciousness (śubham) (peace and prosperity)? By worshipping (archantaḥ) whom can a person reach auspiciousness (peace and prosperity)? What (kah) is, in thy opinion, the Greatest Dharma of all Dharmas? By (kim) chanting whose name, can a 'creature' (jantuh) proceed beyond (muchyate) the bonds (bandhanāt) of samsāra?
Bhishma answers by stating that mankind will be free from all sorrows by chanting the 'Vishnusahasranāma', which are the thousand names of the all-pervading Supreme Being Vishnu, who is the master of all the worlds, the supreme light, the essence of the universe and who is Brahman. All matter animate and inanimate reside in him, and he in turn resides within all matter.
Etymology[edit]
In Sanskrit, sahasra means 'a thousand' and nāma (nominative, the stem is nāman-) means 'name'. The compound is of the Bahuvrihi type and may be translated as 'having a thousand names'. In modern Hindi pronunciation, nāma is pronounced [na:m]. It is also pronounced sahasranāmam in South India.
It is said that the one who reads this Vishnu Sahasranamam everyday with full devotion, achieves name, fame, wealth and knowledge in his life.[citation needed]
Interpretations[edit]
There are Sahasranāmas for many demi gods such as Shiva, Ganesha, Shakti, and others. But the Vishnu Sahasranāma is popular among common Hindus, and a major part of prayer for devout Vaishnavas, or followers of Vishnu. While Vaishanvas venerate other deities, they believe that the universe, including the other divinities such as Shiva and Devi, is ultimately a manifestation of the Supreme Lord Vishnu. Despite the existence of other sahasranamas of other demi gods, referring a sahasranama as 'The Sahasranama,' generally refers to the Vishnu Sahasranama alone, thereby indicating its wide popularity and use.[10]
Gujarati Interpretation:
शान्ताकारं भुजगशयनं पद्मनाभं सुरेशं विश्वाधारं गगनसदृशं मेघवर्ण शुभाङ्गम् ।लक्ष्मीकान्तं कमलनयनं योगिभिर्ध्यानगम्यम् वन्दे विष्णुं भवभयहरं सर्वलोकैकनाथम् ॥
शान्ताकारं - શાંત આકારવાળા, भुजगशयनं – શેષ નાગ ઉપર શયન કરનારા,શાંત આકારવાળાपद्मनाभं – નાભીમાં જેને કમળ છે એવા, सुरेशं – દેવતાઓના ઇશ્વર, विश्वाधारं – વિશ્વના આધાર, गगनसदृशं – આકાશની પેઠે નિરાકાર, मेघवर्ण – મેઘ જેવા શ્યામ રંગવાળા, शुभाङ्गम् – કલ્યાણરૂપ શરીરવાળા, लक्ष्मीकान्तं – લક્ષ્મી ના પતિ,શાંત આકારવાળાकमलनयनं – કમળ જેવા નેત્રવાળા, योगिभिर्ध्यानगम्यम् – યોગીઓએ ધ્યાન વડે જાણવા યોગ્ય, वन्दे विष्णुं भवभयहरं सर्वलोकैकनाथम् – સંસારના ભય નો નાશ કરનારા, સર્વ લોકના અધિપતિ એવા શ્રી વિષ્ણુ ને વંદન કરૂ છું.
જે મનુષ્ય નો આકાર શાંત છે તે જ શેષ નાગ ઉપર શયન કરી શકે છે અને તે જ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાન છે. ભાવાર્થ: શેષ નાગ – તેમને હજાર ફણા હોય છે - એટલે કે અનંત વૃત્તિઓ હોય છે તેના પર જે મનુષ્ય વિજય મેળવીને તેના પર શાંતિથી શયન કરી શકે તે જ શાંત રહી શકે છે અને તેનો જ આકાર શાંત હોય છે. વિષ્ણુ ભગવાનની નાભીમાં કમળ છે. ભાવાર્થ: પેટમાં અનેક વિધ ભોજન - પોષણ લેવા થી જે મળ રૂપી કાદવ ઉત્પન્ન થાય છે તેમાંથી જે મનુષ્ય સુન્દર આચાર – વિચાર રૂપી કમળ ઉત્પન્ન કરી શકે છે અને તેના પર બ્રહ્મા ઉત્પન્ન કરી શકે છે તે જ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાન છે. બ્રહ્માને સૃષ્ટિ કર્તા કહ્યા છે એટલે શરીર ને જે પોષણ મળે છે તેના દ્વારા અનેક કોષો ઉત્પન્ન થાય છે. જ્યાં અપ્રતિમ સુન્દરતાનું વર્ણન કરવુ હોય ત્યાં કમળના ફૂલની ઉપમા આપવામાં આવે છે. કારણ કમળ જ એક એવુ ફૂલ છે કે જે કાદવમાંથી પોષણ મેળવે છે એટલેકે ગંદકીમાંથી પણ સુન્દરતા ઉત્પન્ન કરી શકે છે. ભાવાર્થ: આ સંસારમાં અનેક ખરાબીઓ છે પણ તેમાંથી પણ જે સુન્દર કમળ ખિલાવી શકે તેજ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાન. સુરેશ એટલે ઇન્દ્ર એટલે ઇન્દ્રિયોના અધિપતિ- ઇન્દ્રિયોને નિયંત્રણમાં રાખી શકે છે તે. તેના પર જે વિજય મેળવે એટલેકે જે ઇન્દ્રના પણ ઇશ્વર છે તે જ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાન અને તે જ દેહરૂપી વિશ્વનો આધાર છે. તેમને ગગન – આકાશની જેમ કોઇના આધારની જરૂર નથી. અને આકાશ ની જેમ અનંત – વિશાળ - નિરાકાર છે. મેઘ ના સમાન વર્ણ છે ભાવાર્થ: આકાશમાં જ્યારે વાદળ આવે ત્યારે દરેક સજીવ શાંતિ પામે છે. અને તેના જળ વડે સર્વને પોષણ મળે છે અને સર્વ જીવ વૃદ્ધિ પામે છે. દરેક અંગ શુભ છે. ભાવાર્થ: આ સૃષ્ટિ પર જે કાંઇ છે – સજીવ, નિર્જીવ, સ્થાવર, જંગમ - તે સર્વ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાનના જ અંગ છે અને તે સર્વ શુભ છે તેવુ જે મનુષ્ય વિચારે છે તે જ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાન છે. લક્ષ્મી ના પતિ – લક્ષ્મી ને નિયંત્રણમાં રાખી શકે છે તે છે ભાવાર્થ: લક્ષ્મી એટલે ધન એટલે આપણે મન જે અત્યંત કિમતિ - પ્રિય (જર, જમીન, જોરુ - છોરુ) છે તેને જ આપણે ધન કહીયે છીએ. તે સર્વ ધન ના અધિપતિ – સર્વ ધનને જે મનુષ્ય નિયંત્રણમાં રાખી શકે છે તે જ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાન. કમળ જેવા સુન્દર નેત્ર છે ભાવાર્થ: આ સૃષ્ટિ પર રહેલા સર્વ પદાર્થોને જે આંખ વડે કમળ જેવા સુન્દર ગણી જુએ છે તે જ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાન. કાદવ સમાન પદાર્થોમાંથી પણ કમળ જેવી સુન્દરતા શોધી - જોઇ શકે તેવી નજર હોય તે જ વિષ્ણુ ભગવાન. આવા ગુણો ધરાવતા મનુષ્ય જ યોગીઓ એ ધ્યાન વડે જાણવા યોગ્ય છે. કારણકે આવા મનુષ્યો સર્વ લોકમાં કોઇ એક જ હોય છે જે આ ભવ ના તમામ ભયનુ હરણ કરે છે અને તે જ સર્વ લોકોના અધિપતિ છે તેવા વિષ્ણુ ભગવાનરૂપી મનુષ્ય ને વન્દન છે.
Smarta interpretations[edit]
Two of the names in Vishnusahasranama that refer to Shiva are 'Shiva' (names # 27 and # 600 in Adi Sankara's commentary) itself, 'Shambhu' (name # 38), 'Ishanah' (name #6 4), and 'Rudra' (name # 114). Most notably, Adi Shankara, according to one interpretation, has not interpreted these to mean that the deity Shiva and the deity Vishnu are the same.[11] Specifically, he asserts that the deity Vishnu is Brahman itself (not just an aspect of Brahmam).[12] Again, he notes that 'only Hari (Vishnu) is eulogized by names such as Shiva',[13] a position consistent with interpretations of the Srivaishnavite commentator Parasara Bhattar. Parasara Bhattar had interpreted Shiva to mean a quality of Vishnu, such as 'One who bestows auspiciousness.'.[14]
However, this interpretation of the name Shiva has been challenged by Swami Tapasyananda's translation of Sankara's commentary on the Vishnusahasranama.[15] He translates the 27th name, Shiva to mean:'One who is not affected by the three Gunas of Prakrti, Sattva, Rajas,and Tamas; The Kaivalaya Upanishad says, 'He is both Brahma and Shiva.' In the light of this statement of non-difference between Shiva and Vishnu, it is Vishnu Himself Who Is exalted by the praise and worship of Shiva.' [15] Based on this commonly held Advaitan point of view which has been adopted by Smartas, Vishnu and Shiva are viewed as one and the same God, being different aspects of preservation and destruction respectively. As many Sanskrit words have multiple meanings, it is possible that both Vishnu and Shiva share names in this instance, e.g., the name Shiva itself means 'auspicious'[16] which could also apply to Vishnu. The Deities Ananthapadmanabha and Shankaranarayana are worshipped by Hindus, as is Lord Panduranga Vitthala, a form of Lord Krishna with a Shiva Linga on his crown, signifying the oneness of both deities.
Vaishnava interpretations[edit]
However, the Vaishnava commentator, Parasara Bhattar, a follower of Ramanujacharya has interpreted the names 'Shiva' and 'Rudra' in Vishnu sahasranama to mean qualities or attributes of Vishnu, and not to indicate that Vishnu and Shiva are one and the same God. Vaishnavas worship Vishnu in his four-armed form, carrying conch, disc, flower and mace in his hands, believing that to be the Supreme form. However, Smarthas do not subscribe to this aspect or personification of God, as Smarthas say that God is pure and thus devoid of form. Additionally, they believe that God is not limited by time nor limited by shape and color. Vaishnava traditions are of the opinion that Vishnu is both unlimited and yet still capable of having specific forms, as to give arguments to the contrary (to say that God is incapable of having a form) is to limit the unlimitable and all-powerful Supreme.
In the Sri Vaishnava tradition, the Bhagavad-gita and the Vishnu Sahasranama are considered the two eyes of spiritual revelation.
In other Vaishnava traditions too, the Vishnu Sahasranama is considered an important text. Within Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Vallabha sampradaya, Nimbarka sampradaya and among Ramanandis, the chanting of the names of Krishna and Rama are considered to be superior to that of Vishnu. Based on another verse in the Padma Purana which says that the benefit of chanting the one thousand names of Vishnu can be derived from chanting one name of Rama, and a verse in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana equating the benefit of chanting three names of Rama with one name of Krishna. However, it is important to realize that those verses in those puranas are not to be interpreted literally, as many believe that there is no difference between Vishnu and Krishna. This theological difference can be expressed as follows: Many Vaishnava groups recognize Krishna as an Avatar of Vishnu, while others, instead, consider Him to be svayam bhagavan, or the original form of the Lord. Yet these verses can be interpreted as it is more important to have pure bhakti or devotion than merely repeating the many names of God without emotion. Indeed, Shri Krishna Himself said, 'Arjuna, One may be desirous of praising by reciting the thousand names. But, on my part, I feel praised by one shloka. There is no doubt about it.” [17]
Within Vaisnavism some groups, such as Sri sampradaya, adhere to and follow the Rig Veda: V.I.15b.3, which states 'O ye who wish to gain realization of the supreme truth, utter the name of Vishnu at least once in the steadfast faith that it will lead you to such realization.'[18]
Sandhya Interpretation[edit]
Sandhyavandanam in many traditions includes the assertion that Shiva and Vishnu are one and the same:[19]
Shivaaya Vishnu Roopaaya Shiva Roopaaya Vishanave |Shivasya Hrudayam Vishnur Vishnuscha Hrudayam Shivaha ||Yatha Shivamayo Vishnuhu Yevam Vishnu Mayaha Shivaha |Yathaantharam Na Paschyaami Thatha Me Swasthi Ra Yushi ||
The popular name and deity ShankaraNarayana reflects this unity.
Interpretations alluding to the power of God in controlling karma[edit]
Many names in the Vishnusahasranama, the thousand names of Vishnu allude to the power of God in controlling karma. For example, the 135th name of Vishnu, Dharmadhyaksha, in Sankara's interpretation means, 'One who directly sees the merits (Dharma) and demerits (Adharma), of beings by bestowing their due rewards on them.' [20]
Other names of Vishnu alluding to this nature of God are Bhavanah, the 32nd name, Vidhata, the 44th name, Apramattah, the 325th name, Sthanadah, the 387th name and Srivibhavanah, the 609th name.[21] Bhavanah, according to Sankara's interpretation, means 'One who generates the fruits of Karmas of all Jivas for them to enjoy.' [22] The Brahma Sutra (3.2.28) 'Phalmatah upapatteh' speaks of the Lord's function as the bestower of the fruits of all actions of the jivas.[22]
General thoughts[edit]
Sections from Swami Tapasyananda's translation of the concluding verses of Vishnu sahasranama, state the following: 'Nothing evil or inauspicious will befall a man here or hereafter who daily hears or repeats these names.' That comment is noteworthy. King Nahusha, a once righteous king, ancestor of Yudhishthira, according to excerpt from C. Rajagopalachari's translation of the Mahabharata, became an Indra, king of devas, but was later expelled from Swarga or heaven due to a curse by the great sage Agastya for his eventual gain in pride and arrogance and became a python for thousands of years.[23]
Ratatouille ps2 iso roms. CoolROM.com's game information and ROM (ISO) download page for Disney-Pixar Ratatouille (Sony Playstation 2). View this page in. English French German. Download page for Disney-Pixar Ratatouille (USA) ISO for Sony Playstation 2 PS2. Game information, description, and download page for Disney-Pixar Ratatouille (USA) ISO for Sony Playstation 2 PS2.
Pronunciation[edit]
In the linked preface prayer (but not in the succeeding Sahasranama) non-formal pronunciation is used, since correct representation of pronunciation requires extensive use of diacritic marks. An example: Sanskrit/Hindi has three letters representing S, which are represented here as 's', 'ś', and 'ṣ', as used in the Sanskrit word ṣatkona (= 'hexagon'), Viṣnu, Kṛṣṇa and others is actually a retroflex phoneme and has no equivalent in English. Retroflex phonemes are those where the tongue is slightly coiled back in the palate and released along with the phoneme's sound. Also, the 'ṇ' in Viṣṇu and Kṛṣṇa is retroflex. In formal transliteration of Sanskrit alphabet to English, this set-up is denoted by placing dots below the letter 'ṣ'. More details can be found at Sanskrit language#Consonants, and at IAST
1008 Names Of Lord Vishnu In Telugu Pdf
Although devotion is considered the most important thing while reciting any prayer or mantra (Unless used for tantric purposes, where the sound's vibration plays the major role), use of the correct pronunciation is believed by devotees to enhance the satisfaction derived from the recital, in the case of both vocal and mental chants.
Merits of Recitation[edit]
Believers in the recitation of the Sahasranama claim that it brings unwavering calm of mind, complete freedom from stress and brings eternal knowledge. A translation of the concluding verses (Phalasruti) of Vishnu sahasranama, state the following: 'Nothing evil or inauspicious will befall a man here or hereafter who daily hears or repeats these names. Whichever devoted man, getting up early in the morning and purifying himself, repeats this hymn devoted to Vasudeva, with a mind that is concentrated on Him, that man attains to great fame, leadership among his peers, wealth that is secure and the supreme good unsurpassed by anything. He will be free from all fears and be endowed with great courage and energy and he will be free from diseases. Beauty of form, strength of body and mind, and virtuous character will be natural to him.. One who reads this hymn every day with devotion and attention attains to peace of mind, patience, prosperity, mental stability, memory and reputation.. Whoever desires advancement and happiness should repeat this devotional hymn on Vishnu composed by Vyasa..Never will defeat attend on a man who adores the Lotus-Eyed One (Kamala Nayana), who is the Master of all the worlds, who is birthless, and out of whom the worlds have originated and into whom they dissolve.'
In orthodox Hindu tradition, a devotee should daily chant the Upanishads, Gita, Rudram, Purusha Sukta and Vishnu sahasranama. If one cannot do all this on any day, it is believed that chanting Vishnu sahasranama alone is sufficient. Vishnu sahasranama can be chanted at any time, irrespective of gender.
Varahi Tantra says that in the age of Kali yuga, most stotras are cursed by Parashurama and hence are ineffective. While listing the ones which are free from this curse and hence suitable during Kali Yuga, it is said, 'Gita of the Bhishma Parva, Vishnu Sahasranama of Mahabharata and Chandika Saptashati' (Devi Mahatmyam) are free from all Doshas and grant fruits immediately in Kali Yuga.'[24]
In a classic astrological text, the Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra, Sage Parashara frequently recommends the recitation of the Vishnu Sahasranama as the best remedial measure for planetary afflictions.[25]For example, see the following verse:'The most effective and beneficial remedial measure for the prolongation of longevity and to obtain relief from other evil effects is recitation of Vishnu Sahasranam.' ch 56 verse 30 [25]
Sage Parashara mentions this practice more than ten times in his text. Here's another verse:
'The remedial measure to obtain relief from the above evil effects, is recitation of Vishnu Sahasranama.' ch 59 verse 77 [25]
Shlokas[edit]Recitation and aggregation[edit]
An alternative approach is to say the starting prayer, and then say the names collected in stanzas (As they were originally said by Bhishma.) Such stanzas are called Slokas in Sanskrit. The Sahasranama (apart from the initial and concluding prayers) has a total of 108 shlokas.
For example, the first sloka is:
Notice the aggregation of several words and the omission of their intervening spaces. For example, the last word of the first line of this Sloka:
corresponds to:
of the expanded version.
This joining-together of words is a common feature of Sanskrit and is called Samasa- a compound. It makes the slokas compact, and easier to remember.
The Thousand Names of Lord Vishnu[edit]
This is the complete list of names, in loose anglicized spelling and with idiosyncratic translations.[26][27]
Inclusion of other deities[edit]
One notable thing about the Sahasranama is that it includes names of other Hindu deities such as Shiva, Brahma, etc. within it. According to followers of Vaishnava theology, this is an example of Vishnu considered in His universal aspect, as an aggregation, and basis of all other deities which emanate from Him. In this cosmic aspect, Vishnu is also called Mahavishnu (Great Vishnu). By an Advaitan interpretation, this notation is not surprising as followers of Advaita philosophy, in particular, Smartas believe that Vishnu and Shiva are the same and are hence different aspects of the one Supreme Being.
Quotes about Vishnu Sahasranama[edit]
Sanskrit Names Of Lord Vishnu
Names Of Lord Vishnu For Baby Girl
Phalasruti - Benefits of chanting Vishnusahasranama[edit]
The following lines are from the Mahabharata and are quoted portions from the text. Devotees believe that regular chanting of the hymn can accrue benefits.
i) On avoiding evil, success in battles, and gaining affluence, pleasure, happiness and offspring:
ii) On acquiring fame, prosperity, prowess, energy, strength, beauty, removing fear, avoiding calamity, and being cured of disease:
Names Of Lord Krishna
iii) On acquiring righteousness and intelligence, and avoiding the sins of evil:
iv) On the origins of the soul, the source of righteous behavior, and the basis of all knowledge and existence:
Bhishma's quote cited from Kisari Mohan Ganguli's translation of Vishnusahasranama (public domain)
See also[edit]Notes[edit]Footnotes[edit]
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
Other translations:
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vishnu_Sahasranama&oldid=910944780'
Comments are closed.
|
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |